Hybrid Chitosan/CaO-Based Nanocomposites Doped with Plant Extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach: Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities

This study examines substances from plant leaves of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach extracted with methanol (80%) then successively fractionated increasing gradient polarity solvents. The extract the two was selected to be incorporated nanocomposites because their high antimicrobial activities. HPLC analysis performed for determination total phenolics flavonoids. LC–ESI–MS positive ion acquisition mode revealed presence four main chemical classes: limonoids, triterpenes, fatty acids, phenolics. Sol–gel processes were adapted prepare CaO/chitosan composite loaded leaves, acting as innovative antibacterial agents. fabricated characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR methods. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) established agar plating using bacteria treated MIC at least 2 double higher than MIC. Biofilm cultivated in sub-MICs extracts nanocomposites, followed quantification crystal violet assay. examined chitosan–CaO-based hybrid fractions A. M. had an excellent performance biofilm inhibitors. indicates good potential biomedical applications.